MewMMLPad

Every line begins with a track letter (A–P). Commands are case-sensitive (notes excepted, in Accent mode).

Concatenating uppercase track letters with no spaces applies the same content to all of those channels (multi-channel writing).

ABCDE  L16        ; Sets L16 on channels A through E
AB     c4 d4 e4   ; Plays c4 d4 e4 on both A and B

Channels are A–P.
A space is required right after the letters (AB4 is parsed as channel A playing note B4).

Pitch and octaves

Notation	Meaning
`C D E F G A B`	Natural notes (Do–Si)
`C+` or `C#`	One semitone up (sharp)
`C-`	One semitone down (flat)
`C=`	Natural (ignore the key signature for this note only)
`On`	Octave (n = 0–8, default 4)
`<`	Lower the octave by 1
`>`	Raise the octave by 1

Note names and octave commands are valid in either case (c = C, o3 = O3). The exception is when $Accent=On (Accent mode) is active: uppercase notes use the accent velocity (V) and lowercase notes use the non-accent velocity (v). When you are not using Accent mode, mix cases as you like.

Natural can be combined with a length:

{-eab} c=4    ; In E♭ key, C remains natural
c=4.          ; Dotted quarter natural C

Note length

Notation	Meaning
`Ln`	Set the default length (1 = whole, 2 = half, 4 = quarter, 8 = eighth, 16 = sixteenth, 32 = thirty-second. Default 4)
`Ln.`	Dotted (×1.5). Example: `L4.` = dotted quarter
`Ln..`	Double-dotted (×1.75). Example: `L4..`
`Ln...`	Triple-dotted (×1.875). Example: `L4...`
`C4`	Quarter-note C (length right after the note)
`C4.`	Dotted quarter C
`C4..`	Double-dotted quarter C
`C4-32`	Quarter minus a thirty-second (= 7/32 beat)
`C4+8.`	Quarter plus a dotted eighth (= 7/16 beat)

The arithmetic can be chained: C1-4-8, etc.

Special notes

Notation	Meaning
`R` or `R4`	Rest (length may be specified)
`N60`	Direct MIDI note number (0–127)
`X` or `X4`	Re-trigger the previous pitch (length may be changed)
`C4&C4`	Same-pitch tie: always merged into a single note (equivalent to `c2`, no re-trigger)
`a8&b8`	Different-pitch tie: handled per `$TieMode`
`a^b`	Slur: play `a` at Q=8 (full gate) and continue into `b`
`g^g`	Same-pitch slur defaults to “re-attack” (FullGate). Set `$SameNoteSlur=Combine` to make it merge like `&`

Tie / slur modes

& (tie) is the “connect notes” symbol — same-pitch is always Combine (merged). ^ (slur) is the legato symbol that re-attacks the next note. Only the same-pitch behavior of ^ can be switched with $SameNoteSlur.

Setting	Behavior
`$TieMode=Slur` (default) / `$TieMode=Default`	Different-pitch tie holds the previous note at full gate and then normally attacks the next one. Chainable (`c&d&e&c`).
`$TieMode=Bend`	Different-pitch tie: no re-attack — pitch bends to the next note at its onset. Requires `$BendRange` to be set.
`$BendRange=12`	Pitch-bend range (default 2 semitones). The built-in synth follows the same range automatically. Intervals greater than the range are clipped.
`$SameNoteSlur=Default` / `FullGate`	Same-pitch `^` = FullGate (re-attack). Does not affect same-pitch `&`.
`$SameNoteSlur=Combine`	Same-pitch `^` = Combine (merged, like `&`).

Volume / velocity

Notation	Meaning
`Vn`	Set accent velocity (0–127, default 100)
`vn`	Set non-accent velocity (used in Accent mode)
`)`	Raise velocity by `lv`
`(`	Lower velocity by `lv`
`lvn`	Set the step size for `)` / `(` (default 8)

Tempo / quantize

Notation	Meaning
`Tn`	Move the BPM slider in standalone playback (ignored in DAW mode)
`Qn`	Gate length as a fraction of the full length (1–8, default 8). 8 = 100 % gate, 4 = 50 % gate.
`qn`	Shorten release by n ticks (192-per-bar, independent of `Q`). Example: `q4` → release ends 4 ticks earlier (1 beat = 48 ticks, so well under a beat).

Accent mode

Notation	Meaning
`$Accent=On`	Enable Accent mode
`$Accent=Off`	Disable Accent mode (default)

With Accent mode on:

Uppercase notes (C–B) → the accent velocity set by V.
Lowercase notes (c–b) → the non-accent velocity set by v.

V100 v50  CEcegCEceg

Transpose (the K command)

Notation	Meaning
`Kn`	Shift subsequent notes by n semitones (example: `K7` = perfect fifth up)
`K-2`	Shift down 2 semitones
`K0`	Reset (back to 0)
`K)`	Relative +1 semitone
`K(`	Relative -1 semitone
`K)2`	Relative +2 semitones (number is allowed)

Range: -127 to +127.
Added to the UI transpose slider’s value.
The current value appears in parentheses (e.g. (+3)) on the channel monitor.

Key signature

Notation	Meaning
`{-eab}`	Set flats on E, A, B (example: C minor)
`{+f}`	Set sharp on F
`{=eab}`	Reset E, A, B back to natural
`{=*}`	Reset all (C major)

Per-note accidentals (C+ / C- / C=) override the key signature.
- Example: {-e} e- → E♭ (the explicit - wins).
- Example: {-e} c= → C natural (this note ignores the key signature).
Stacked specs like {-e}{-a} accumulate. Use {=e} to reset just one note.

Pan

Notation	Meaning
`P64`	Absolute (0–127, 64 = center)
`PL32`	32 steps left of center (= `P32`)
`PR32`	32 steps right of center (= `P96`)
`PC`	Back to center (= `P64`)

Out-of-range values are clamped.

Pitch bend

Syntax:

source(delay) _ (transition) target(total_length)

The parts in parentheses are optional, with different defaults for each:

Omitted part	Default
Delay	0 (bend starts immediately)
Transition	total_length − delay (uses all the remaining time)
Total length	The `L` default

Omitting total length (= L)

Notation	Behavior
`a_b`	Bend from a to b over the `L` duration
`a_16b`	Spend 1/16 of `L` bending to b, then hold b for the rest

Specifying total length

Notation	Behavior
`a_b4`	Bend starts immediately. Total = quarter note.
`a_16b4`	Bend starts immediately, spends 1/16, total = quarter note.
`a8_b4`	Hold for an eighth, then bend over the rest. Total = quarter.
`a8_16b4`	Hold for an eighth, bend for a sixteenth. Total = quarter.

Other

a8_16>b4         ; Octave commands like > can appear before the target note
g4 ~32 >c2_8d1   ; Combinable with glissando

Setting	Description
`$BendRange=12`	Pitch-bend range (default 2 semitones). Also applies to different-pitch ties (Bend mode). The built-in synth follows the same range automatically; external host instruments need a matching setting in the DAW.
`$PitchBendOrigin=Default`	Note-on on the target pitch; the source pitch is shown by a mid-bend value (default).
`$PitchBendOrigin=Target`	Same as Default.
`$PitchBendOrigin=Source`	Note-on on the source pitch; bend toward the target.

Glissando

Notation	Behavior
`g~b1`	Glissando from g to B1 (B in octave 1)
`g~16b1`	Glissando in 1/16 steps
`$Glissando=16`	Set the default step size (default 32)

The source note (g) is not sounded on its own.
The path is chromatically interpolated within the time you give it.

Tuplets

Notation	Behavior
`{gac}4`	3 notes evenly spread across a quarter (triplet)
`{ga>cef#gb<}2`	7 notes in a half note (septuplet)

Inside { }, the commands < > O V Q & ^ _ are allowed.
& ties and ^ slurs work inside tuplets (& per $TieMode, ^ per $SameNoteSlur).
Octave changes inside { } persist outside as well.
Rests R count as one slot.

Repeats

Notation	Behavior
`[CDEF]4`	Repeat 4 times
`[C [EG]2 A]3`	Nested repeats are allowed
`[a:b]3`	Loop exit: on the final iteration only, skip everything after `:` → expands as `a b a b a`. Handy for dropping a fill-in only on the last pass.

Aliases (macros)

Notation	Behavior
`% Name cdef`	Define content “cdef” under the name “Name”
`A %Name`	Expand “cdef” on track A
`% Chord CEG`	Any MML can be aliased

Alias names are alphanumeric.
During expansion, the playhead stays at the alias call site.

Variables

Notation	Behavior
`!X{abc}`	Define variable X as “abc” (single-character name)
`!X`	Expand variable X
`A !X{D} !X`	Inline definition followed by immediate use on the same line

Variables are per-channel (X on A and X on B are independent values).

Program change

Notation	Behavior
`@n`	Send a Program Change (0–127). If n is 128 or higher, it is auto-split into Bank LSB + Program (bank = n / 128, slot = n mod 128).
`@bank:slot`	Specify Bank and Slot explicitly (e.g. `@3:120` → Bank 3, Slot 120)

At the same PPQ, Bank Select is sent before Program Change.
Consecutive identical PCs are deduplicated (per channel).

Program Change send mode

Setting	Behavior
`$ProgramChange=Default`	Send Program Change as per the MIDI spec (default).
`$ProgramChange=CC<num>`	Send the slot number on CC<num> instead of Program Change. Example: `$ProgramChange=CC102`. For hosts where PC does not reach processBlock (such as Cubase in VST3). Bank Select still goes on CC 0 / 32.

Misc

Notation	Behavior
`Tn`	Move the BPM slider in standalone playback (ignored in DAW mode)
`; comment`	Everything from `;` to the end of the line is a comment (ignored)
`# header`	Lines starting with `#` are ignored